Sustainable Soil: How Farming Practices Can Moderate Climate Change

Everyone forgets about soil. Yes, we walk on it and we wash traces of it off of our food, but other than that we try to ignore it, sweeping it off of our floors with a look of disgust. Soil doesn’t get a lot of respect in most circles. But given the talks about climate change in Copenhagen, perhaps that is about to change. As leaders look at ways to reduce climate change and plan for its impacts, thinking about ways to reduce our carbon emissions and use them up, they may turn towards the rich soil of the world’s farms for answers.

Soil is a carbon sink. We’re all told to plant trees to soak up the nasty stuff in the atmosphere, but the world’s forests sequester only one-fifth the amount of carbon that soil sequesters. According to a study from the UK’s Soil Association, using organic methods of farming helps boost the soil’s ability to be a carbon sink, making it sequester nearly 30% more carbon. Worldwide, a switch to organic farming would help sequester 11% of greenhouse gas emissions, which is a stunningly large amount.

Humus? No, it’s not the chickpea-based spread. It’s the decaying organic matter found in soil. Organic farming uses green manure, animal manures, cover crops and other composting techniques to build soil humus. This is where a lot of the soil carbon is stored. That brown, rich soil is rich in carbon as well, and it keeps that carbon under wraps. Organic farming techniques also create soil that is very porous, allowing the soil to accommodate the water from storm events. This will also be useful as climate patterns change – if storms are going to become more frequent, having soil that can moderate the flow of water effectively will reduce flooding.

As we count down the last days to the Copenhagen Summit on climate change, we should give our soil some respect. Let’s make it one of the main players in the work to moderate our greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to asking children to go out and plant a tree on Earth Day, we should ask them to support local, organic farming practices and create their own garden with rich compost. The climate impacts of both actions are small but profound. Let’s raise our hands and speak out about good soil: the decaying brown stuff that may just have a large role to play not only in .growing healthy vegetables but in creating a healthier atmosphere as well.

Sustainable Agriculture – An Overview

Since the end of World War II, there have been dramatic changes taking place in the agricultural sector. Due to the advancement in technologies, better government policies and enhanced mechanization, productivity of food and fiber increased a lot. There is no doubt that these significant changes have cut down risks associated to farming, but at the same time it has also posed some threats to the environment and communities as well. For instance, it has resulted in contamination of groundwater, depletion of topsoil, bad working conditions for the farmers, increased production cost and decline in the number of family farms. In the past two decades, a new movement has started within which modern agricultural methods are being questioned in context of environmental concerns. Thanks to the increased awareness for ‘sustainability’, organic or sustainable farming methods are becoming popular and farmers have also started accepting it within mainstream agriculture.

Sustainable agriculture is all about farming methods that cause minimal harm to the environment or communities. It not only addresses social and environmental concerns but also offers opportunities that are not only innovative but also economically viable for consumers, policymakers and laborers. There are three main goals associated with sustainable farming – social and economic equity, economic profitability and environmental health. From consumers to farmers, various groups and communities across the world have started sharing their vision and contributing towards the movement of sustainable food provision.

Approximately 38% of the land on earth is used for farming, agriculture and grazing. Industrial agriculture is not only using natural resources at a fast pace but it is also causing pollution. As the population will increase, pressure on land will also increase and if the farmers continue using unsustainable farming methods, it will pose serious threats to the environment and result in more poverty. Governments of developed as well as under developed countries in the world are encouraging farm owners to follow organic farming methods in order to reduce the rate of damage being caused to land and water. Sustainable framing will not only protect the ecosystem but support the welfare of communities.